Inxanxathela, ephakathi kwezivini eNapa Valley yaseCalifornia, isesigabeni sokuqala sokuklama.
Ngaphezu kwendawo yokuhlala eyinhloko (okuyinto i-Oakland, Calif. Umakhi u-Toby Long abhekisela kuyo njengesitayela senqolobane yaseNapa), le phrojekthi ihlanganisa indlu yamachibi kanye nengodi yephathi, uMnu. Long uphakamisa.Itiyetha yamamuvi, igumbi elikhulu lesitayela se-conservatory, ichibi lokubhukuda, i-jacuzzi, ikhishi lasehlobo, ichibi elikhulu elikhanyayo kanye namavulandi angaphandle aletha iphathi ekhaya.Kodwa naphezu kokuhluka kwayo, le ndawo yokuhlala kanokusho ingesinye senani elikhulayo lezithabathaba zesimanje, eziyisithabathaba ezivela e-United States zisebenzisa izinto ezakhiwe ngaphambili, ezakhiwe ngaphambili.
Abantu abahola imali ephezulu kakhulu, abaqhutshwa ngokwengxenye yisidingo sokuhlukaniswa ngokuphephile phakathi nalolu bhubhane, bakhetha ukwakha lezi zindlu, ezingadla izigidi, uma kungenjalo amashumi ezigidi zamaRandi, ngoba zakhiwe ngokuphumelelayo, ngekhwalithi ephezulu, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ngokungafani nezendabuko.zingaqedwa ngokushesha kakhulu kunezindlela zokwakha endaweni.
UMnu Long, osekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili akha izindlu ezakhiwe ngaphansi kohlobo lweClever Homes, uthe lolu hlobo “luvuka ebuthongweni baseMelika.Uma ukhuluma ngamakhaya akhiwe ngaphambili noma ajwayelekile, abantu bacabanga ngevolumu ephezulu, ikhwalithi ephansi.ifa lakhe elishibhile liwuhlelo olunzima.”
USteve Glenn, oyi-CEO kanye nomsunguli we-Plant Prefab e-Rialto, e-California, wakhe izindlu ezingaba ngu-150, okuhlanganisa nezingu-36 e-Palisade, indawo yokushushuluza eqhweni e-Lake Tahoe e-Olympic Valley, edayisa ngo-$1.80.million kuya ku-$5.2 million.
"Izindlu ezakhiwe ngaphambilini zidumile eScandinavia, eJapane nasezingxenyeni ezithile zaseYurophu, kodwa hhayi e-US," kusho uMnu Glenn.“Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, sibone ukwanda okukhulu kwama-oda;okunye kuhlobene ne-Covid ngoba abantu banamandla okuzikhethela ukuthi bafuna ukusebenza nokuhlala kuphi. ”
Uhlelo lokwakha iPlant Prefab luhlinzeka ngendlela ephumelelayo nebikezelwayo yokwakha amakhaya asezingeni eliphezulu ngesikhathi esifushane sokwakha saseLake Tahoe, lapho ukushoda kwezisebenzi ezinamakhono kushubile ikakhulukazi e-US West Coast, kusho isikhulu seBrown Studio nomnikazi uLindsey Brown.ifemu ezinze yakhela ukuthuthukiswa kwePalisades.U-Prefab "usisindisa enkingeni yokuthi siyekethise ekwakhiweni," engeza.
Nakuba ikhaya lokuqala elingumahamba nendlwana elirekhodiwe lalingo-1624 - lenziwa ngokhuni lathunyelwa ngomkhumbi lisuka eNgilandi liya eMassachusetts - lo mqondo awuzange wamukelwe ngezinga elikhulu kwaze kwaba yiMpi Yezwe II, lapho abantu babedinga ukwakha ngokushesha izindlu ezishibhile.kuhle ukuthi kuze kube unyaka odlule noma emibili, abakhi bezindlu ngokwezifiso bebelokhu beyisebenzisela izindawo ezizimele ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nezakhiwo zokuhlala zikanokusho.
Lena akuyona inketho eshibhile.Intengo emaphakathi yendlu eyenziwe ngokwezifiso iphakathi kuka-$500 no-$600 ngonyawo lwesikwele, kodwa ngokuvamile iphakeme kakhulu.Lapho ukuhlelwa kwesayithi, ukuthutha, ukuqeda kanye nokuhlelwa kwezwe kwengezwa kulokhu, izindleko eziphelele zokuqeda zingaba kabili noma kathathu.
"Lezi zithabathaba zesimanje zihlukile," kusho uMnu.Kusho Long.“Ababaningi abantu abenza lokho.Ngakha izindlu ezingu-40 kuya kwezingu-50 ngonyaka, futhi ezimbili noma ezintathu kuphela kuzo eziyizithabathaba.”
Wengeze ngokuthi izindlu ezakhiwe kusengaphambili zingaba inketho engokoqobo ezindaweni zokungcebeleka zikanokusho njengeTelluride, indawo yokushushuluza eqhweni negalofu eColorado, lapho ubusika be-Rocky Mountain obuneqhwa bungaphazamisa izinhlelo zokwakha.
“Kunzima ukwakha izindlu lapha,” kusho uLong.“Ukwakha indlu ngokohlelo lukamakhi kungathatha iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu, kanti isikhathi sokwakha sifushane ngenxa yesimo sezulu.Zonke lezi zici ziphoqa abantu ukuthi bahlole ezinye izindlela zokwakha.Izikhathi zakho zingafushaniswa futhi zenziwe lula ngokusebenzisana nozakwethu basembonini.”
Ubuye wengeza ngokuthi izindlu eziyisithabathaba zingakhiwa engxenyeni eyodwa kwezintathu noma ingxenye yesikhathi esithatha izindlela zokwakha zendabuko.“Lo msebenzi singawuqeda ngonyaka esikhundleni seminyaka emibili noma emithathu njengamadolobha amaningi,” kusho yena.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezindlu zendabuko ezakhiwe ngaphambilini emakethe ezitholakala kubakhi bezindlu zikanokusho: i-modular nephaneli.
Kuhlelo lwe-modular, amabhlokhi wokwakha akhiwa efekthri, athuthelwe esizeni, abekwe endaweni yawo ngamakhreni, futhi agcwaliswe osonkontileka abajwayelekile kanye nezisebenzi zokwakha.
Ezinhlelweni zamaphaneli eziboshiwe ezijwayelekile, amaphaneli ahlanganiswe ne-foam core akhiqizwa efekthri, afakwe efulethini, abese ethunyelwa endaweni yomhlangano ukuze ahlanganiswe.
Iningi lamadizayini ebhilidi kaMnu. Long yilokho akubiza ngokuthi “ingxubevange”: ahlanganisa ama-modular kanye nama-elementi ephaneli nokwakhiwa kwasendaweni okungokwesiko futhi, kuye ngomkhiqizi wendlu eyakhiwe ngaphambili, isistimu yobunikazi bobunikazi ehlanganisa izici ezihlukahlukene zakho kokubili.
Isibonelo, e-Napa Valley Estate, uhlelo lwesakhiwo samapulangwe lwakhiwe ngaphambili.Kunamamojula angama-20 kule phrojekthi - ayi-16 endlu enkulu na-4 awendlu yokubhukuda.Ishede lephathi, elakhiwe ngezakhiwo zamapulangwe esezakhiwe ngaphambili, lakhiwe ngengobo eguquliwe eyadilizwa yayiswa endaweni.Izindawo zokuhlala eziyinhloko zendlu, kuhlanganise negumbi elikhulu elicwebezelayo, yizona kuphela izingxenye zephrojekthi eyakhiwe esizeni.
"Amaphrojekthi anokutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu kanye nokwakhiwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokulingana azohlala enesici sokwakhiwa kwendawo," kusho uMnu. Long, enezela ukuthi izinsiza nezici zezindlu zangokwezifiso yizona ezikhuphula izindleko.
Umdwebi wamapulani u-Joseph Tanny, uzakwethu enkampanini yaseNew York ethi RESOLUTION: 4 ARCHITECTURE, ngokuvamile usebenza kumaphrojekthi enziwe ngaphambilini “ayingxube” kanokusho angu-10 kuya kwangu-20 ngonyaka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zaseNew York's Hamptons, Hudson Valley, naseCatsky.yakhelwe ngokuhambisana namazinga e-LEED.
"Sithole ukuthi indlela ye-modular inikeza inani elikhulu kakhulu ngokwesikhathi nemali uma kuqhathaniswa nekhwalithi yonke yephrojekthi yonke," kusho uMnu. Tunney, umbhali-co-author of Modern Modularity: Prefabricated House Solutions: 4 Architectures.“Sisebenzisa ukusebenza kahle kwamamojula endabuko anezinhlaka zamapulangwe, sakwazi ukwakha cishe amaphesenti angu-80 endlu efektri.Lapho sakha kakhulu efekthri, kuphakama isiphakamiso senani.”
Kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2020, ngemva kwenyanga kuqale lolu bhubhane, kube “nokwanda” kwezicelo zezindlu zesimanje ezisezingeni eliphezulu, kusho yena.
UBrian Abramson, oyi-CEO kanye nomsunguli we-Method Homes, umakhi wezindlu owakhiwe endaweni yaseSeattle owakha amakhaya asukela ku- $ 1.5 million kuya ngaphezulu kwe- $10 million, uthe "wonke umuntu uyanyakaza futhi ufuna ukuguqula izimpilo zabo" ngemuva kwalolu bhubhane, uthi.isimo somsebenzi esikude.
Ubalule ukuthi indlela enengqondo futhi ebikezelwayo yokwakhiwa kwangaphambili iheha amakhasimende amaningi amasha abezakhele ngokwesiko amakhaya awo.“Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimakethe eziningi esisebenza kuzo zinabasebenzi abambalwa kakhulu kanye nosonkontileka bendawo iminyaka, ngakho sinikeza inketho esheshayo,” esho.
Izindlu zendlela zakhiwa efekthri emasontweni ayi-16-22 futhi zihlanganiswe esizeni ngosuku olulodwa kuya kwezimbili."Khona-ke bathatha noma yikuphi kusukela ezinyangeni ezine kuya onyakeni ukuze baqedele, kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu kanye nobubanzi bephrojekthi kanye nokutholakala kwabasebenzi bendawo," kusho uMnu Abramson.
Embonini ye-Prefab, esebenzisa isistimu yayo yokuhlanganisa izimboni ezivela kumaphaneli akhethekile namamojula, ibhizinisi belisebenza kangangokuthi inkampani yakha isitshalo sesithathu, isitshalo esizisebenzela ngokugcwele esikwazi ukukhiqiza amayunithi angama-800 ngonyaka.
"Uhlelo lwethu lunikeza ukuguquguquka kokuklama kanye nokuhamba kwephaneli ngezinzuzo ze-modularity ngesikhathi nezindleko," kusho uMnu. Glenn, enezela ngokuthi "ilungiselelwe izindlu ezakhiwe ngokwezifiso."
Isungulwe ngo-2016, inkampani igxile ezindlini ezisezingeni eliphakeme eziklanywe yisitudiyo sayo kanye nabakhi bezakhiwo bezinkampani zangaphandle, ngenhloso yokwenza “izakhiwo ezinhle ezisimeme zifinyeleleke kalula,” ngokusho kukaGlenn."Ngalokhu, sidinga isixazululo sokwakha esinikezelwe ekwakhiweni kwendlu yangokwezifiso, yekhwalithi ephezulu futhi esimeme: imboni enobuchwepheshe nezinhlelo ezingenza inqubo isheshe, ithembeke, isebenze kahle futhi inciphise imfucuza."
U-Dvele, umakhi wezindlu ozinze e-San Diego, ubhekene nokukhula okufanayo.Yethulwe eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, ithunyelwa ezifundazweni ezingama-49, futhi ihlela ukunwebeka iye eCanada naseMexico, futhi ekugcineni ifinyelele emazweni aphesheya.
"Sikhiqiza amamojula angu-200 ngonyaka futhi ngo-2024, lapho sivula isitshalo sethu sesibili, sizokwazi ukukhiqiza amamojula angu-2 000 ngonyaka," kusho uKellan Hanna, umqondisi wezokuthuthukiswa kule nkampani.“Abantu abathenga izindlu zethu baneholo eliphindwe kabili kanye nemali eningi, kodwa siyaqhela ekwenzeni ngokwezifiso.”
Izindlu ezakhiwe kusengaphambili akuzona kuphela inketho engeyona eyendabuko esetshenziswa abakhi bangokwezifiso kanye namakhasimende abo.Amakhithi angokwezifiso nama-beam kits, afana nalawo enziwe i-Lindal Cedar Homes ese-Seattle, asetshenziselwa ukwakha amakhaya okhiye abiza phakathi kwezigidi ezimbili zamaRandi nezi-3 zamaRandi.
"Uhlelo lwethu alunazihibe ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo," kusho imenenja yezokusebenza uBret Knutson, wengeza ngokuthi inzalo ikhule ngo-40% yaya ku-50% selokhu kwaqala lolu bhubhane.“Amakhasimende angakhetha kuphalethi lombala ovuleke kakhulu.Inqobo nje uma behlala ohlelweni, bangakwazi ukuklama ikhaya labo nganoma yibuphi usayizi nesitayela abasifunayo.”
Uphawule ukuthi amakhasimende athanda “izinhlobonhlobo zezitayela zasekhaya nezakudala futhi ajabulela ukuguquguquka kwezinqubo nezinhlelo zokuklama ngokwezifiso.”
U-Lindal ungumkhiqizi omkhulu kunabo bonke eNyakatho Melika wezindlu zangemuva nezishintshayo, osebenzela amakhasimende e-US, Canada nase-Japan.Ihlinzeka ngamakhithi asekhaya, ithatha phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-12 neziyi-18 ukwakha, futhi njengezakhiwo zendabuko, yakhiwe esizeni ngeziqukathi zemikhumbi, inzuzo yezindawo zokungcebeleka ezicashile noma iziqhingi zamaholide ezingakwazi ukufinyelelwa ngemoto.
U-Lindal, onenethiwekhi yabathengisi bamazwe ngamazwe, muva nje ubambisene nefemu yezakhiwo ezinze e-Los Angeles i-Marmol Radziner ukwakha ikhaya nendlu yezivakashi engu-3,500-square-foot e-Hawaii.
UMnu. Knudsen wathi: “Ikhwalithi yezinto ezisetshenziswayo isezingeni eliphezulu.“Imishayo ye-spruce ecwebile yonke indawo futhi ihlanzekile icele lomsedari.Ngisho ne-plywood yenziwe ngomsedari ocacile futhi ibiza cishe u-$1,000 lilinye.”
[Inothi Lomhleli: Inguqulo yangaphambilini yalesi sihloko ihlanekezele kabi izici zezivini zaseNapa Valley ngenxa yolwazi olungalungile olunikezwe i-Global Domain.Le ndaba ihlelwe ukuze ibonise ukuthi iphrojekthi isesigabeni sokuklama.]
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Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Ukuguqulwa kohlobo lwemali ngokwezinjongo zemifanekiso kuphela.Kuwukulinganiselwa okusekelwe kuphela olwazini lwakamuva olutholakalayo futhi akufanele kusetshenziselwe noma iyiphi enye injongo.Asinacala nganoma yikuphi ukulahlekelwa ongase ukuthole ngenxa yokusebenzisa lokhu kushintshaniswa kwemali.Zonke izintengo zendawo zicashunwa i-ejenti yohlu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-26-2022